How about a hurdy gurdy?
It seems I was mistaken what one was. I always thought a hurdy gurdy was what an organ grinder played whilst his monkey danced about
But seriously, the hurdy gurdy has been around long enough to have been used aboard a ship. So far I haven't been able to find a reference to any being used aboard ships, pirate or not, but it's a fine instrument, and similar to a fiddle, so if I had lived back then, I think I might have brought one aboard.