Baylus_Brooks

To Looking Glass: By his association with the Thaches of Spanish Town in that 1706 deed, we know beyond a doubt that Edward Thache Jr. was from there. The "right time" is the first couple of decades of the 18th century. Now, we just need to clearly establish that he is Blackbeard. In my opinion, the chances are far better than 50/50. And, as I said, future research will bear this out, I have little doubt.

No, the info on Leslie was just a bit of info that I dug up one afternoon for kicks. Obviously, Leslie was offering what he had read on the guy. In no way was that his own opinion. I think that whoever this guy was, he had read about Johnson's viscious Blackbeard, met a Thache family on Jamaica who claimed relation to the guy and found it extraordinary that he would come from such a nice family. I would too.

Still, you have to admit that Edward Thache was in the right place at the right time, especially if Johnson had the correct intel on the guy. That increases the chances, yes? Here's what I've found on Leslie so far: St. Johns Parish Church, Barbados Rev. William and Ann Leslie left Scotland to serve as the First Rector (1653 - 1676) of St John’s Parish Church, ministering to the Parish for 23 years. This church still stands today and is still in use. The Leslies are buried in the cemetery beside it. William died 13 November 1674, many years before Ann in 1692. According to his memorial, he was the "Grandson of Fifth Laird of Kincraigie and Great Great Grandson by his Grandmother of JOHN LESLIE Eighth Baron of Balquhain." William and Ann had children: Margery, Rebecca, Isabella, Col. John and Charles Leslie. The author Charles Leslie is the son of one of these two men. On 20 July 1710, he married Rebecca Innes (Ince).

Oh, I haven't stopped looking for more clues to solidify the theory. Gravity is still a theory, too. I will probably keep searching no matter how much I find. Genealogical records, taken individually, don't provide a great deal, but when you synthesize a large group of them (yes, a very long and tedious task), they support and often verify each other, and can indeed build a much more substantial case, plus lead you to explore certain avenues that you'd never considered. Don't discount them. I still can't help but wonder at an "unreliable" account that hits two things on the nose. What about Leslie don't you like? Did he meet the Thache family that I also found in the church records? Sounds like he probably did. Also, what's keeping your historical Mary Read out of your discussions? Look for peripheral connections to verify her... cousins, uncles, etc. One of those may have written some obscure account of her not making an appointment because she was standing trial for piracy... or something along those lines. So, I guess the money is out of the question? Grant writing is not my favorite way to get it, lol.

So, I'd need the actual birth certificate? lol Jamaica has barely been tapped as far as their massive record collection goes. Dianne Frankson, a researcher in Spanish Town assures me that there are a lot of unseen records there... especially by off-island researchers who feel that Jamaica has nothing to offer. Still, take a look at the records from the Anglican Church... they shocked me as to how thorough/well kept they actually were. I never even expected to find anything like this in Jamaica and was forced to accept my own bias against that island. I think we all have that bias. Cox Thache, for instance moved to Kingston and left a lot of records of his fun times while living there... the children he begat on William Tindale's slave Jane. A distinctly social exploration is strongly needed on Jamaica... especially if we are to prove a genealogical connection to the Thache family there... and if we are to prove definitively that Blackbeard is from that Thache family. I wholly disagree that there is no more to find. I believe we have only scratched the surface... only the obvious records relating to those Thaches from my single request for records from the Register General's Department in Spanish Town. This was just one search. There must be a lot more, if my instincts and experiences over 35 years of doing genealogical research tell me anything at all. There are related families, like the Poquets, Maverlys, Barhams, Axtells, Smith's, Tindales, etc... all of which have been unexplored so far. Historians have typically had a bias against genealogy. They see it as the realm of amateurs, biased beyond help. But, the "bias" that they see is the actual work of untrained amateurs... not the records themselves... vital records contain the least bias of all... compared with Admiralty and other court records, typically those studied by classical historians... records that are inherently biased due to their adversarial nature. You said it yourself, you gotta know who's lying, not whether they are. My adviser told me to "follow the dollar." Christening, marriage, and burial records merely record an event... they make no claim to profit or justice. They make no argument. Deed records transfer property. Will records transfer property as well as make certain wishes known. Few of these are arguments with anyone. Imagine the possibilities for the study of pirates and their families. I'm planning a trip to join Dianne in Jamaica and study those records. Of course, I need money. Anyone got some spare change?

Ok, what would show us within reason that Blackbeard was from Jamaica? Personally, I believe the Leslie book establishes way too many points to be mere coincidence: that he was from Spanish Town (why not Port Royal or Kingston where you would expect a pirate to be from) and that Lucretia, or his "mother" was still alive in 1739 (she died in 1743). Johnson never wrote this. No one ever wrote this before. Would proving Cox Thache is an artillleryman help the case?

But, we also do not know that he wasn't.. what are the chances that he were? These tangible records are the first of any kind to even hint at the man's identity after almost 300 years. There are now 21 separate records regarding a single family of Thaches on Jamaica... and Patrick Pringle asked Clinton Black for such records in the 1950s as at least partial proof of his existence. Black fumbled on finding them. This practically is the birth certificate... My main argument in the paper was that the Anglican Church records, combined with the wills and deeds, plus the Leslie book, all make a very good case for Edward Thache Jr. being Blackbeard. Does anyone besides Duffus dispute this and why? Also, thanks for that thesis, Ed.

1978, heh? lol Yeah, I have some experience at colors when I was an artist/stained glass guy. Black is very difficult... without modern paints/dyes. Specifically, I painted on glass and fired it in a kiln at approx. 1400 degrees F. Reds were the hardest to maintain hue in that kind of heat. I stopped using the older Reusch red paints and began using a modern one. It takes too long to fire the piece and cool it down properly, only to have it turn out wrong by the end of the day. BTW, the witness that described the "black" flag... he may have described it by the term "black flag" meaning a quintessential "pirate flag" and not necessarily because of its color... or is that what you were saying?

To everyone else... I certainly welcome questions from you about my article, or just Blackbeard in general. Please take this opportunity to express any concerns or doubts. These sessions can only help me in the final work, titled Quest for Blackbeard: The True Story of Edward Thache and His World, planned for release soon. When used honestly, I've found forums such as these can be significant aids for me in working through the facts. Since joining Pyracy Pub just days ago, I have already learned of E. T. Fox's scholarly work on Jacobitism. If you haven't seen it, you should read it. I assure you that it will be invaluable in the writing and research process for my book and I thank him and you all in advance. Anyone else care to contribute? Please do!

Hi Old Twillian! I'll get your article and get back to ya! Thanks! Later: Got it. Put a link to it on my blog entry (little advertising for you) and corrected the "Scots-British" reference. Excellent! BTW, on numerous occasions, my British History professor had to explain this point over and over to all of his classes. Being American is a hard handicap to overcome. lol

Mr Duffus, I appreciate the opportunity to talk about my article; however, you seem to have taken a personal interest in damaging my work and even my personal reputation, if the content of your "review" has been accurately interpreted. Furthermore, a "review" of 27 pages is somewhat extreme when the standard review consists of 500-2,000 words. My "writing" as you put it (in an informal setting such as this forum), need not be perfection, especially when the genealogical chart is there to help you understand who "Blackbeard's father" is... really, I need say nothing further on this, do I? Nor do I need to explain the birth/age date of circa 1680, "around 1683," or anything else of that nature. The date isn't essential, anyway. Also, I can't tell you what specific date or time that Leslie landed on Jamaica... or when whomever the author of those letters is... landed on Jamaica. I have successfully shown that whomever it was did NOT get the data from A General History, in answer to your earlier question. That data came from somewhere else (perhaps the personal experiences of the author of those letters) and it appears not to have been created out of the "ether." The records show exactly what the records show, as I have said. They only show what any set of vital records, any those as complete as the Anglican Church records from Jamaica, will ever show. Only a person unfamiliar with this technique would misconstrue their meaning. Again, the chart is there to help you understand. Where was he between 1706 and 1716? Really? Why is it necessary to supply an explanation for every moment in Thache's life... especially when nothing of his life was ever know before? The Anglican Church, deed, and will records did not deposit a "Blackbeard Bible" or the "Entire Life of Edward Thache" into my hands... just the same infrequent clues and hints that all historians struggle with in their work... but, good ones!! I don't have his trip schedules and itineraries, just his family's vital records. The data conclude that Edward Thache Jr. is almost certainly Blackbeard the Pirate. (Please don't argue about my "hedge" words of "almost certainly." When I don't use those words, you accuse me of being overly definitive. Please be consistent in your argumentative attacks.) On that note, I have a question for you... do you have evidence to support your earlier contention that Blackbeard was the son of James Beard? Owing to your demand for absolute evidence and as a recent candidate for president once said, "I need to see the birth certificate." :) Isn't your obsession with my work about this incongruity between our theses, anyway? Why don't we just leave these silly questions alone and let everyone make their own decisions based upon our work and not our emotional reactions to each others? As always, I wish you the best. I only wish that you returned the sentiment. P.S. The preceding informal forum response may contain grammatical errors as I was typing quickly... such as leaving the " 's" off of "Edward Jr."

In that article, Colin Woodard noticed that a Thomas Thatch had moved to Bristol... I forget when, sometime in the mid-18th I think. There do seem to be quite a few Thomases running around. Edward's father was the second in that line and his first son was also Thomas, rector of the church in Gloucester. One even moved to Barbados at about the same time that Edward and Elizabeth Thache and family headed for Jamaica ca 1685 - 1695. The West Indies was just opening up and getting a little safer for families about then. Buccaneers calmed down - Morgan became a governor. Lynch decided to clean up the island in 1682. Even ex-privateers ran out of work... one became a postmaster on Jamaica. lol Actually, I may have combined info from his book and the Smithsonian article, which only says "Thatch appears in early 18th-century [bristol] census rolls." Yep.. the book Republic says "That said, it is possible that he was related to one of the Thatches of nearby Gloucester, one of whom, Thomas Thatch, moved to Bristol in 1712 and leased a house a mere block from the city docks." page 38-9.

Hello, Mr. Duffus, To answer these many questions, let me take them one at a time. I will reprint what you wrote (in red), then provide an answer (in black): "At this time, the famous Edward Teach, commonly known by the Name of Blackbeard, infested the American Seas. He was one of a most bloody Disposition, and cruel to Brutality. His Name became a Terror, and some Governors being remiss in pursuing him, he almost put a stop to the Trade of several of the Northern Colonies. He was born in Jamaica, of very creditable Parents; his Mother is alive in Spanish-Town to this Day, and his Brother is at present Captain of the Train of Artillery. He was attacked by a Lieutenant of a Man of War, and was killed, after a very obstinate and bloody Fight. He took a Glass, and drank Damnation to them that gave or asked Quarter. His Head was carried to Virginia, and there fixed to a Pole.” Leslie wrote that Teach, or Blackbeard, was born in Jamaica. You write that Capt. Edward Thache of Spanish Town, Jamaica, whom you purport to be Blackbeard, was born in Gloucestershire, England. Which birthplace is correct, and why? And what source do you use to prove that Edward Thache of Spanish Town was a captain? First of all, you hopelessly confuse father and son, which is not unusual for those unused to discussing genealogy. "Capt. Edward Thache" is not Blackbeard. This is his father. He was the one most likely born in Gloucestershire, England. His birth is easily found on Ancestry.com as the one I gave, in 1659. Edward Thache Jr, or Blackbeard, was probably born there as well, perhaps in Bristol, since no Thaches are found on Jamaica in the records before 1699. Leslie believed erroneously that the two Edwards were born in Jamaica, undoubtedly because they were so well established there by the time he met the family. The source that shows the father as a "Capt." is the 29 Mar 1706 deed of Dr. Thomas Stuart to Rachel "Theach" for the slave Sabina... he is also listed as a resident of "St. Jago de la Vega" or Spanish Town, Jamaica. Leslie [published in 1739] wrote that Teach’s mother was alive “to this day,” yet your research shows that Thache’s mother died in 1699. Which statement is correct? This time, you are confusing mothers. Blackbeard's actual mother is Elizabeth who died in 1699. The woman to whom Leslie referred was Lucretia (nee Poquet) Thache, who did not die until 1743 and whom everyone recognized as the Thache family matriarch in Spanish Town; also, he saw her as Blackbeard's "mother." I have two half-sisters myself. I've always referred to them as my "sisters"... the "half-sister" reference might actually hurt their feelings. :) Leslie described Teach as "a man of a most bloody Disposition, and cruel to Brutality," yet you have written that he was a caring family man and “an upstanding community member.” Which description is more accurate? I think A General History provided that description. I'm sure that Leslie probably had a copy. I'm also sure that the family that he met on Jamaica surprised him as they were so different from what he read in that book. Why does Leslie’s account of Teach, or Blackbeard, nearly match the phrases used by Nathaniel Mist in General History of Pyrates? If Leslie knew the Jamaican Thache family so well, why did he spell Blackbeard’s surname as Teach? Can you argue persuasively that Leslie’s information about Teach was not derived from General History of Pyrates? Obviously, he read the book. Also, he probably just met the family casually, not necessarily invited to birthday parties and such. Leslie's part of "He was born in Jamaica, of very creditable Parents; his Mother is alive in Spanish-Town to this Day, and his Brother is at present Captain of the Train of Artillery." is certainly not in A General History. The other parts are undoubtedly embellishments picked up from his reading of A General History and the newspapers for the past 15 years. Again, the spellings were not standardized until the mid-19th century. Please refer to http://bcbrooks.blogspot.com/2015/08/getting-blackbeards-name-right.html You write: "The argument made by the actual records themselves is almost perfect that Blackbeard was from this family.” Please cite the record or source that proves "almost perfectly" that Blackbeard was from the Thache family of Jamaica? Not Leslie, I hope. Leslie was just icing on the cake. I can do better than cite them. I will show them to you. The Anglican Church, deed, and will records are available here for everyone to peruse and provide nearly (as nearly as most historians will get) definitive proof: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286417743_Blackbeard_Reconsidered_The_Family_Records Please also note the multiple spellings of the family name in the "Stuart to Theach" deed of 1706, including "Thach." In Cox's will, he spelled it "Thache," like the rest of the family did in Gloucestershire. I hope these answer all your questions. If you have any more, feel free to ask. My deck hatch is always open! Enjoy the nearly summer day! Baylus C. Brooks Candidate in Maritime Studies Program East Carolina University Professional Research Historian at Brooks Historical - website: baylusbrooks.com

From Pirate Nests, page 370 and 370n10: When members of Edward Low's were executed in Newport in July 1723, newspapers reported that they were hanged upon the gallows, under "their black flag, with the Pourtrature of Death having an Hour-Glass in one Hand, and a Dart in the other, at the end of which was the Form of a Heart with three Drops of Blood falling from it... this flag they called Old Roger, and often us'd to say they would live and die under it." Reference: New England Courant (Boston), July 15-22, 1723 ... the crew hanged "under their own deep Blew Flagg which was hoisted up on their gallows, and had pourtraid on the middle of it, an Anatomy with an Hour-glass in one hand and a Dart in the Heart with 3 drops of Blood proceeding from it, in the other." Reference: Boston News-Letter, published as The BOSTON News-Letter. (Boston, Massachusetts) • From Thursday July 18, to Thursday July 25, 1723 • Page [2] Read the last here: http://baylusbrooks.com/BNLjuly1723.jpg This description is the exact one later used to describe the flag of Edward "Blackbeard" Thache. Baylus C. Brooks Candidate in Maritime Studies Program East Carolina University Professional Research Historian at Brooks Historical Amazon Author Page LinkedIn Profile

Ahoy, mates! Historian Mark G. Hanna goes into a good explanation of pirate flags in chapter ten of his new book: Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570-1740Baylus C. Brooks Candidate in Maritime Studies Program East Carolina University Professional Research Historian at Brooks Historical Amazon Author Page LinkedIn Profile

Ahoy, mates! I have written an article describing the complex political and historical context of what it meant to be a Jacobite. Please enjoy and parley on the points! http://bcbrooks.blogspot.com/2016/02/are-jacobites-criminals-or-just-loud.html Note the article from my book on Richard Tookerman of South Carolina that I referred to in the blog article: http://bcbrooks.blogspot.com/2015/12/south-carolinas-gentleman-pirate.html Baylus C. Brooks Candidate in Maritime Studies Program East Carolina University Professional Research Historian at Brooks Historical Amazon Author Page LinkedIn Profile

Hey Swashbuckler and other fellow pyrates! The date of circa 1683 is used in my article because, if Capt. Edward Thache of Spanish Town, Jamaica is the same man who was born in Gloucestershire, England (home county of Bristol), then Edward Jr. or Blackbeard's father was born on June 14, 1659. This would make him 21 years of age in 1680 and the optimum age for beginning a family. Blackbeard was probably born after 1680 and 1683 is a good guess. We still have no records from Bristol because they were mostly destroyed. May 1695 is a fairly complete census there - however, the Thache's probably left by then. We know from church records that he had two children born before he arrived on Jamaica, Edward and Elizabeth. Afterward, Blackbeard's father's wife Elizabeth died, he remarried to Lucretia and had three more before he died in 1706. The records that I've used are Anglican Church records from Jamaica, similar to records used by any professional genealogist, deed, and will records from the Register General's Department in Spanish Town. There are two Edward Thaches (of various spellings - often used in the same document) living on Jamaica and the Thache family found on the island is the only Thache family to ever live there. The spelling was not a matter of standardization until Noah Webster in the mid-19th century, so you'll see many used before then. Sir Walter Raleigh famously used 5 diff. spellings of his own surname. This blog entry goes into a better explanation: http://bcbrooks.blogspot.com/2015/08/getting-blackbeards-name-right.html This Thache family was somewhat substantial, as Charles Leslie regarded him in 1739 in A New and Exact Account of Jamaica. They owned at least 4 slaves: Lucretia, Mary, Jim, and Cezar, if Blackbeard did raise him as Johnson said. They likely had more. Dr. Henry Barham's marriage to Elizabeth Thache in 1720 indicates that he probably viewed the Thache family of Spanish Town as a means to further his wealth and land holdings, as he did with his other three wives: http://bcbrooks.blogspot.com/2016/01/blackbeards-daughter-elizabeth-thache.html The records that I've found are quite explicit. The argument made by the actual records themselves is almost perfect that Blackbeard was from this family... regardless of other peripheral arguments and claims I make in the article - arguments that have been vehemently disputed for many reasons. In essence, this is not my argument at all. I simply supply a genealogical analysis of those records and they tell us what they tell us. I suggest that everyone reads my original article before speculating any further. If anyone wishes to talk over any aspect of the details in this article, I can be reached here or at baylusbrooks@yahoo.com Ahoy, my friends! Baylus C. Brooks Candidate in Maritime Studies Program East Carolina University Professional Research Historian at Brooks Historical - website: baylusbrooks.com